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	<title>Lisong&#039;s Blog &#187; CSS</title>
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		<title>如何使CSS跨浏览器兼容</title>
		<link>http://www.imwls.com/how-to-set-css-compatible-in-different-browser</link>
		<comments>http://www.imwls.com/how-to-set-css-compatible-in-different-browser#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Jun 2010 05:52:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>木公</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CSS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Web]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imwls.com/?p=1338</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[作为 Web 设计师，你的网站在各种浏览器中有完全一样的表现是很多人的目标，然而这是一个永远无法真正实现的目标，很多人认为，完美的跨  浏览器兼容并不必要，这样说虽然没错，但在很多情形，一种近似的兼容还是很容易实现的，本文讲的是各种跨浏览器兼容的 CSS  编码准则和技巧。



理解 CSS 盒子模型

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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>作为 Web 设计师，你的网站在各种浏览器中有完全一样的表现是很多人的目标，然而这是一个永远无法真正实现的目标，很多人认为，<a href="http://dowebsitesneedtolookexactlythesameineverybrowser.com/">完美的跨  浏览器兼容并不必要</a>，这样说虽然没错，但在很多情形，一种近似的兼容还是很容易实现的，本文讲的是各种跨浏览器兼容的 CSS  编码准则和技巧。<span id="more-1338"></span></p>
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/browsers-css.jpg" alt="Browsers-css in The Principles Of Cross-Browser CSS  Coding" width="500" height="500" /><br />
理解 CSS 盒子模型<br />
如果你想实现不需要很多奇巧淫技的跨浏览器兼容的  CSS 代码，透彻地理解 CSS 盒子模型是首要事情，CSS 盒子模型并不难，且基本支持所有浏览器，除了某些特定条件下的 IE 浏览器。</p>
<p>CSS 盒子模型负责处理以下事情:</p>
<ul>
<li>一个 blcok （区块）级对象占据多大的空间</li>
<li>该对象的边界，留白</li>
<li>盒子的尺寸</li>
<li>盒子与页面其它元素的相对位置</li>
</ul>
<div id="news_content">
<p>CSS 盒子模型有以下准则:</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Block （区块）对象都是矩形 （事实上所有对象都如此）</li>
<li>其尺寸由 width, height, padding,  borders, 以及 margins 决定</li>
<li>如果不设置高度，该盒子的高度将自动适应其包含的内容，加上留白等（除非使用了 float）</li>
<li>如果不设置宽度，一个非 float 型盒子水平上将充满其父容器（扣除父容器的留白）</li>
</ul>
<div id="news_content">
<p>处理 block 级对象时，必须注意以下事项:</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>如果一个盒子的宽度设置为 100%，它就不能再设置 margins, padding, 和 borders，否则会撑破其父容器</li>
<li>垂直毗邻的 margin 会引起<a href="http://reference.sitepoint.com/css/collapsingmargins">复杂的坍塌问题</a>， 导致布局问题（比如两个垂直毗邻的 Block 对象，上面的对象的 bottom-margin 为 40，下面的对象的  top-margin 为  20，则两个对象的间距将是 40，而不是 60 - 译者）</li>
<li>拥有相对位置和绝对位置的对象，拥有不同的行为</li>
</ul>
<div id="news_content">
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/css-box-model.gif" alt="Css-box-model in The Principles Of Cross-Browser CSS  Coding" width="500" height="270" /><br />
<strong><em>在  Firefox 的 Firebug 中显示的盒子模型<br />
</em></strong><br />
理解 block  级和 inline 级  对象的区别<br />
这个看似简单的问题事如果能透彻地理解，会<a href="http://css-tricks.com/the-css-ah-ha-moment/">受益匪浅</a>。</p>
<p>下图讲 解了 block 级对象和 inline 级对象的区别:</p>
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/block-inline.jpg" alt="Block-inline in The  Principles Of Cross-Browser CSS Coding" width="500" height="500" /></p>
<p>下面是 block  级对象和 inline 级对象的基本区别:</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Block 级对象会自然地水平充满其父容器，因此没有必要为之设置 100% 宽度属性</li>
<li>Block 级对象的起始摆放位置是其父容器的左上边界，并顺排在其前面的兄弟 Block 对象的下方（除非设置 float 或绝对位置）</li>
<li>Inline 级对象会忽略其宽度和高度设置</li>
<li>Inline 级对象会随着文字排版，并受排版属性的影响（如 white-space, font-size,  letter-spacing）</li>
<li>Inline 级对象可以使用 vertical-align 属性控制其垂直对齐，block 级对象不可以</li>
<li>Inline 级对象的下方会保留一些自然的空间，以适应字母 g 一类的会向下探出的笔画</li>
<li>一个设置为 float 的 inline 对象将变成 block 对象</li>
</ul>
<div id="news_content">
<p>理解 Floating 和 Clearing 属性<br />
实现多栏排版的最好方法是使用 <a href="http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/10/19/the-mystery-of-css-float-property/">float</a> 属性，float 也是一个将使你受益匪浅的属性。一个 float 对象可以居左或居右，一个设置为 float  的对象，将根据设置的方向，左移或右移到其父容器的边界，或其前面的 float 对象的边界，而紧随其后的非 float  对象或内容，则包围在其相反的方向。</p>
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/float-css.jpg" alt="Float-css in The Principles Of  Cross-Browser CSS Coding" width="500" height="439" /></p>
<p>以下是使用 float 和  clear 属性的一些重要准则:</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>一个 float 对象，将从其置身的 block 级非 float 内容流中跳出，换句话说，如果你要将一个 box 向左边  float，它后面的 block 级非  float 对象会显示到下方，inline 级内容会在旁边包围</li>
<li>要让一段内容从一侧包围一个 float  对象，这段内容必须要么是 inline 级的，要么也设置为相同方向的 float</li>
<li>一个 float 对象，如果没有设置宽度，则会自动缩成其包含的内容的宽度，因此最好为 float 对象明确设置宽度</li>
<li>如果一个 block  对象包含 float  子对象，会出现<a href="http://www.sitepoint.com/blogs/2005/02/26/simple-clearing-of-floats/">本 文中阐述的问题</a>。</li>
<li>一个设置了 clear 属性的对象，将不会包围其前面的 float 对象</li>
<li>一个既设置了 clear 又设置了 float 属性的对象，只有 clear:left 属性生效，clear:right 不起作用</li>
</ul>
<div id="news_content">
<p>首先使用 IE 进行测试<br />
虽然我们都痛恨 IE6 和  IE7，但当你开始一个新项目的时候，最好还是首先针对这两种浏览器进行测试，否则，如果你在设计在后期才想起针对 IE6 和 IE7  进行测试，将出现以下问题：</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>你将不得不使用一些奇巧淫技，甚至使用独立的 IE6/7 CSS，导致 CSS 文件臃肿。</li>
<li>某些地方的布局将不得不重新设计</li>
<li>会增加测试的时间</li>
<li>你的布局在 IE/6/7 中和其它浏览器中不一样</li>
</ul>
<div id="news_content">
<p>如果你设计的是个人项目，Web 程序等，则不建议你针对旧版本 IE 做太多工作，而对一些公司类站点，它的用户群中有大量 IE  用户，这些技巧会让你避免大量的头痛。如果将 IE 的问题归类为 IE 的 BUG 而不去处理，会带来很多负面的影响，和 IE 和平共处是 Web  开发与设计者不可逃避的现实。</p>
<p>译者注：在 IE6/7  仍有大量用户基础的国内（感谢中行，建行，农行，工行，以及各级政府网站），忽视这两种浏览器是极不明智的，首先针对 IE6/7  进行设计是一种很好的方法，一般来说，在IE6/7 通过测试的站点，在 Firefox，Chrome，Safari，Opera  等标准浏览器面前基本不会出现问题，前提是，你的 CSS 设计是基于 W3C 标准的。<br />
IE 浏览器最常见的问题</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>IE6 中不可滥用 float，否则会带来<a href="http://haslayout.net/css/Disappearing-Content-Bug">内容消失</a>以及<a href="http://www.impressivewebs.com/ie6-ghost-text-bug-with-multiple-solutions/">文 字重复</a>等稀奇古怪的问题</li>
<li>IE6 中，float 对象，在 float 方向的那边，会出现双倍 margin，将 display 设置为 inline  会解决这个问题</li>
<li>IE6/7 中，一个没有直接或间接设置 hasLayout 的对象，会发生各种稀奇古怪的问题 （译者注：对这类问题，zoom 这个  css 属性可以帮很大的忙，将 zoom 设置为除了 normal 之外的其它值，可以迫使一个对象 hasLayout  同时不影响这个对象的任何视觉外观）</li>
<li>IE6 不支持 min-width, max-width, min-height, max-height 一类的属性</li>
<li>IE6 不支持固定位置背景图</li>
<li>IE6/7 不支持很多 display 属性值（如 inline-table,  table-cell, table-row）</li>
<li>IE6 中，只有 a 这个对象才可以使用 :hover 这个伪类</li>
<li>IE 的某些版本对某些 CSS 选择器支持很少（如属性选择器，子对象选择器）</li>
<li>IE6~8 对 CSS3 的支持很有限 (不过有一些<a href="http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2010/04/28/css3-solutions-for-internet-explorer/">变 通方法</a>)</li>
</ul>
<div id="news_content">
<p>永远不要指望在所有浏览器中都一模一样<br />
在不同浏览器实现相同的体验个功能是可能的，实现近似像素级的一致外观也是可能的，但永远不要指 望一模一样。<br />
Form 控件在不同浏览器显示总是不同</p>
<p>以下是 <a href="http://www.facebook.com/">Facebook</a> 首页中的 select  控件，在5种不同浏览器的显示差异（基于 <a href="https://browserlab.adobe.com/">Adobe’s  Browserlab</a> 截图）</p>
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/forms-browsers.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="331" /></p>
<p>某些 Form  控件，如果要求必须跨浏览器一致，可以找到变通办法，如，可以使用图片 替代 submit 按钮，但有一些控件，比如 radio，select，  textarea，文件选择框，是永远都不可能一模一样的。<br />
字体的表现都有差异<br />
先不谈有的字体在有的系统中根本不存 在，即时存在，它们在不同系统的渲染效果也不完全一样，比如，<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/typography/cleartype/tuner/step1.aspx">Windows    ClearType</a> 支持 IE7，但不支持 IE6，导致同一个字体在 IE7 和 IE6 有不同的样子。</p>
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/cleartype-ie.jpg" alt="Cleartype-ie in The Principles Of Cross-Browser CSS Coding" width="500" height="381" /><br />
<strong><em>A  List Apart’s 文章字体在 IE6 and IE7 中的区别<br />
</em></strong><br />
使用 CSS 清零<br />
使用 CSS 清零（CSS Reset）是实现跨浏览器兼容的灵丹妙药，CSS 清零可以消除不同浏览器对  margin，padding 这些属性的默认表现，你可以更容易控制诸如对齐，间隙等等问题。推荐使用 <a href="http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/">Eric Meyer’s CSS  清零代码</a>。</p>
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/reset-wd.jpg" alt="Reset-wd in The Principles Of Cross-Browser CSS  Coding" width="500" height="319" /><strong><em><br />
</em></strong></p>
<p>参考 SitePoint’s  CSS 兼容表<br />
<a href="http://reference.sitepoint.com/css">SitePoint CSS  Reference</a> 是一个非常好的资源（<a href="http://www.sitepoint.com/books/cssref1/">下载离线版</a>），可 以用来检查某些 CSS 属性的跨浏览器兼容问题</p>
<p><img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/sitepoint-chart.jpg" alt="Sitepoint-chart in The  Principles Of Cross-Browser CSS Coding" width="500" height="127" /><strong><em><br />
</em></strong><br />
结语<br />
跨浏览器兼容是个永恒的话题，本文介绍的跨浏览器兼容 CSS 准则只是帮助 Web  开发设计者尽可能实现这一目标，除了这些，<a href="http://perishablepress.com/press/2010/01/11/css3-progressive-enhancement-smart-design/">基 于 CSS3 的渐进式增强设计也是一种趋势</a>，Web  开发与设计者可以针对某些浏览器提供增强功能，而在不支持这些增强功能的浏览器中降级使用基本功能。</p>
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		<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>善用IE的条件注释语句</title>
		<link>http://www.imwls.com/conditional-comments-ie</link>
		<comments>http://www.imwls.com/conditional-comments-ie#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 01:14:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>木公</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CSS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Web]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imwls.com/?p=1093</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[在做前端开发时，由于IE浏览器的特殊性，通常都需要针对不同的IE版本做特别的处理。比如在处理CSS布局时，经常需要用到IE Hack，这里就需要要使用if IE。IE浏览器的条件注释虽不太常用，却异常强大，不仅可以区分是否是IE浏览器，而且可以用来区分IE浏览器版本。



&#60;!--[if IE]&#62; Only IE &#60;![endif]--&#62;所有的IE可识别

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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>在做前端开发时，由于IE浏览器的特殊性，通常都需要针对不同的IE版本做特别的处理。比如在处理CSS布局时，经常需要用到IE Hack，这里就需要要使用if IE。IE浏览器的条件注释虽不太常用，却异常强大，不仅可以区分是否是IE浏览器，而且可以用来区分IE浏览器版本。<span id="more-1093"></span></p>
<ul style="line-height: 26px; border: 1px #ccc solid; padding: 3px 25% 3px 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px; background: #EBF3FC;-webkit-box-shadow:4px 2px 5px #ccc;-moz-box-shadow:4px 2px 5px #ccc;">
<li>&lt;!--[if IE]&gt; Only IE &lt;![endif]--&gt;<span style="float: right;">所有的IE可识别</span></li>
<li>&lt;!--[if IE 5.0]&gt; Only IE 5.0 &lt;![endif]--&gt;<span style="float: right;">只有IE5.0可以识别</span></li>
<li>&lt;!--[if gt IE 5.0]&gt; Only IE 5.0+ &lt;![endif]--&gt;<span style="float: right;">高于IE5.0都可以识别</span></li>
<li>&lt;!--[if lt IE 6]&gt; Only IE 6- &lt;![endif]--&gt;<span style="float: right;">低于IE6可识别</span></li>
<li>&lt;!--[if gte IE 6]&gt; Only IE 6/+ &lt;![endif]--&gt;<span style="float: right;">IE6以及IE6以上都可识别</span></li>
<li>&lt;!--[if lte IE 7]&gt; Only IE 7/- &lt;![endif]--&gt;<span style="float: right;">IE7及IE7以下版本可识别</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 26px; border: 1px #ccc solid; padding: 3px 10px; margin-top: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px; background: #EBF3FC;-webkit-box-shadow:4px 2px 5px #ccc;-moz-box-shadow:4px 2px 5px #ccc;">
<li><span style="color: blue; margin-right: 7px; margin-left: 5px;">lte</span>：就是Less than or equal to的简写，<span style="color: blue;">也就是小于或等于的意思</span>。</li>
<li><span style="color: blue; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 5px;">lt</span>：就是Less than的简写，<span style="color: blue;">也就是小于的意思</span>。</li>
<li><span style="color: blue; margin-right: 1px; margin-left: 5px;">gte</span>：就是Greater than or equal to的简写，<span style="color: blue;">也就是大于或等于的意思</span>。</li>
<li><span style="color: blue; margin-right: 7px; margin-left: 5px;">gt</span>：就是Greater than的简写，<span style="color: blue;">也就是大于的意思</span>。</li>
<li><span style="color: blue; margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 5px;">!</span>：就是不等于的意思，<span style="color: blue;">跟javascript里的不等于判断符相同。</span></li>
</ul>
<p>看到这里只可能会觉得<!--[if !IE]> not IE< ![endif]-->这样不就可以了吗？如果你这样想就错了，因为非ie根本不会识别ie的条件注释，所以就直接全部是注释了，ok，来看看正确的写法吧。<br />
<code>&lt;!--[if !IE]&gt;&lt;--&gt;<br />
只有不是ie浏览器才能看到这里<br />
&lt;![endif]--&gt;</code></p>
<p>关键是条件注释后头的 &lt;–&gt; 在IE中被当作内部注释，而 在非IE浏览器中会闭合之前的注释，从而起到区分非IE浏览器的作用，一般常用&lt;!–&gt;。</p>
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		<link>http://www.imwls.com/firefox-touming</link>
		<comments>http://www.imwls.com/firefox-touming#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2008 03:25:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>木公</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CSS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Firefox]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[以前一直都以为只有IE才支持页面半透明效果，今天在逛一个网站时无意中发现我用的火狐出现了个半透明的效果，查其源代码，发现了实现方法。

IE的实现方法众所周知，在CSS里添加一滤镜：filter: alpha(opacity=90);

那么Firefox的实现方法呢？呵呵，如下：

<span class="readmore"><a href="http://www.imwls.com/firefox-touming" title="Firefox里面实现页面半透明">阅读全文——共153字</a></span><table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<p>以前一直都以为只有IE才支持页面半透明效果，今天在逛一个网站时无意中发现我用的火狐出现了个半透明的效果，查其源代码，发现了实现方法。<br />
IE的实现方法众所周知，在CSS里添加一滤镜：<span style="color: gray">filter: </span><span style="color: blue">alpha</span><span style="color: gray">(</span><span style="color: blue">opacity</span><span style="color: gray">=90);</span><br />
那么Firefox的实现方法呢？呵呵，如下：<br />
<span style="color: #33cccc"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -moz-opacity: 0.9;</strong></span></p>
</blockquote>
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